Sumpah pemuda ialah sumpah sakral yang diucapkan para pemuda zaman penjajahan untuk meraih kemerdekaan, yang awalnya bersifat kedaerahan akhirnya mampu disatukan oleh janji kesatuan. Menjadikan Indonesia satu tanpa memilah milah antara perbedaan suku dari sabang sampai marauke.
Upaya pertama mempersatukan organisasi-organisasi pemuda pergerakkan sudah dilaksanakan tahun1926. Sebagai kelanjutannya, tanggal 20 Februari 1927 dilakukan pertemuan, tetapi pertemuan ini belum mencapai hasil yang final, karen butir ketiga dalam Sumpah Pemuda tidak mengakui bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa persatuan.
Pada kongres ini Muhammad Yamin menyatakan hanya ada dua bahasa, yakni Jawa dan Melayu, Namun, pidatonya ditentang oleh Tabrani Soerjowitjitro. “Bukan saya tidak menyetujui pidato Yamin. Jalan pikiran saya ialah tujuan bersama, yaitu satu nusa, satu bangsa, satu bahasa,” ujar Tabrani, seperti yang ia tulis dalam buku 45 Tahun Sumpah Pemuda yang dilansir oleh majalah tempo 2012.
Menurut Tabrani, kalau nusa itu bernama Indonesia, bangsa itu bernama Indonesia, “Maka bahasa itu harus disebut bahasa Indonesia dan bukan bahasa Melayu, walaupun unsur-unsurnya Melayu.”
Pendapat ini diterima Yamin dan Djamaludin. Keputusan menetapkan bahasa persatuan itu pun ditunda dan akan dikemukakan lagi dalam Kongres Pemuda Kedua.
Pada 12 Agustus 1928, dilanjutkan pertemuan kongres ke dua. Pada pertemuan terakhir ini telah hadir perwakilan semua organisasi pemuda dan diputuskan untuk mengadakan kongres pada bulan Oktober 1928.
Tepat pada tanggal 27-28 Oktober 1928 keputusan Kongres diselenggarakan dua hari, di Batavia (Jakarta), Keputusan ini menegaskan cita-cita akan ada “tanah air Indonesia”, “bangsa Indonesia”, dan “bahasa Indonesia”.
- Pertama:
Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah Indonesia. - Kedoea:
Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia. - Ketiga:
Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.
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