Dr. Arnina Emmilia Monica
Dr. Arnina Emmilia Monica
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Masyarakat Sebagai Support Sistem Pemulihan Narkoba

Cahya Sumirat 14 July 2023
378 3 minutes read

Sebelum kita lebih jauh membahas tentang support system, perlu kiranya kita mengartikan terlebih dahulu apa itu sistem, sistem adalah kesatuan yang terdiri dari komponen atau elemen yang di hubungkan bersama untuk memudahkan aliran informasi, materi dan energy. Sistem juga merupakan kesatuan bagian-bagian yang saling berhubungan yang berada dalam suatu wilayah serta memiliki item-item penggerak.

Secara sosiologis dalam kehidupan sosial, masyarakat hidup berdampingan satu sama lainnya. Adanya tujuan bersama untuk mencapai ketentraman dan keselarasan menjadikan masyarakat secara tidak langsung memiliki aturan, norma, organisasi dan interaksi antar aktor atau komponen sosial yang saling mengikat dan berkaitan. Jalinan fungsi keseluruhan aspek-aspek tersebut membentuk sistem sosial.

Sistem sosial dapat di artikan sebagai serangkaian sub atau bagian dalam sistem yang saling berhubungan, berinteraksi dan bergantung demi mencapai tujuan bersama dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Adanya sistem sosial membawa konsekuensi bahwa atauran dan interaksi dalam masyarakat mempengaruhi organisasi atau tata tingkah laku seseorang.

Maka dari itu, kita sebagai mahluk sosial yang senantiasa hidup secara berdampingan antara masyarakat yang satu dengan yang lainnya tanpa harus melihat status sosialnya, begitu juga halnya dengan mereka yang kecanduan terhadap obat-obatan terlarang (Narkoba) yang sedang menjalankan pemulihan, mereka hidup di tengah-tengah masyarakat harus mendapatkan dukungan baik dari keluarga, dan masyarakat untuk memberi support agar pulih dari kecanduan obat-obatan terlarang.

Adapun bentuk  dukungan  sosial  yang  diberikan  masyarakat dapat  bermacam-macam cara di antaranya adalah:

  1. Memberikan dukungan
    Lepas dari ketergantungan narkoba adalah perjuangan berat yang harus di tempuh pecandu untuk bias sembuh. Maka dari itu perlu dukungan dari masyarakat sangat di perlukan guna proses penyembuhan pasien pecandu narkoba. Bantulah mereka saat membutuhkan pertolongan dan dengarkan saat ia ingin bercerita atau “curhat”
  2. Tunjukan Empati
    Perlu kita ingat juga bahwa, “mantan” pecandu juga manusia yang berhak untuk mendapatkan kesempatan kedua. Terima mereka yang bersungguh-sungguh ingin sembuh dengan tangan terbuka tanpa menghakimi dan menyudutkan mereka di masa lalu. Tunjukan kepada mereka bahwa kita ada untuk mereka. Jika mereka adalah orang terdekat kita (Keluarga) maka jadikanlah teman terbaik untuk mereka dan ajak untuk sering beraktifitas positif.
  3. Hapus Stigma Negatif
    Stigma negative bias mempersulit “mantan” pecandu untuk di terima masyarakat. Selain itu juga akan menempatkan psikologi “mantan” pecandu dalam kondisi tertekan sehingga memicu mereka kembali ke dlingkungan lama dan menjerumuskan kembali ke narkoba. Singkirkan sejenak stigma negative dan bantu mereka dengan hal-hal positif yang membangun.
  4. Dukungan Kepercayaan Diri
    Keluarga, teman, atau masyarakat  dapat  meyakinkan  pasien  untuk  tidak  merasa  rendah  diri, mengatakan kalimat-kalimat afirmatif bahwa yang bersangkutan pasti akan sembuh, dan memberitahu untuk mengambil nilai positif dari rehabilitasi (misalnya menganggap tempat rehabilitasi senyaman mungkin seperti rumah sendiri bukan sebagai penjara).

Persoalan yang selalu dihadapi oleh “mantan” Pecandu Narkotika tidak selalu bisa menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan ketika ia kembali ke masyarakat. Salah satu penyebab yang mempengaruhi sulitnya penyesuaian diri mantan Pecandu Narkotika dengan lingkungan adalah ketidakmampuan stakeholder maupun masyarakat luas dalam mengayomi dan mengawasi Pecandu Narkotika. Stigma masyarakat terhadap mantan Pecandu Narkotika yang terlanjur terbangun menyebabkan adanya atribut sosial yang dibangun dengan tujuan mendiskreditkan seorang individu atau kelompok mengenai penyalahgunaan narkotika. Hal ini ternyata telah terbangun di dalam masyarakat melalui proses internalisasi norma-norma sosial yang telah ada di masyarakat mengenai penentuan nilai baik dan buruknya suatu perilaku sosial. Masyarakat diduga terlanjur meyakini bahwa narkoba dan minuman keras adalah akar dari tindak kriminal, sehingga individu yang terlibat dalam penyalahgunaan narkoba maupun minuman keras adalah salah satu deviant behavior (perilaku menyimpang) yang akan merujuk pada stigma. Dampak yang terlihat adalah mantan Pecandu Narkotika teralienasi dalam proses integrasi sosialnya di dalam masyarakat.

Mantan Pecandu Narkotika tidak bisa dikatakan ‘sembuh’, karena sensasi zat adiktif akan terus teringat oleh mereka dan sewaktu-waktu bisa relapse jika tidak dapat mengendalikan dirinya dengan baik. Salah satu pemicu relapse adalah ‘momentum’ di mana pada waktu tertentu atau momen tertentu, Pecandu Narkotika akan teringat kembali momen penggunaan narkoba jika momentum tersebut terulang, seperti malam tahun baru, acara ulang tahun, dan yang lainnya. Sugesti untuk relapse adalah suatu penyakit yang tidak terlepas dari penyakit ketergantungan. Ketika mantan Pecandu Narkotika sulit untuk beradaptasi dengan masyarakat, maka sosialisasi nilai dan norma sulit untuk terinternalisasi oleh mereka yang menyebabkan mantan Pecandu Narkotika teralienasi dari masyarakat. Mereka yang teralienasi ini akan mencari jalan lain untuk tetap diakui keberadaannya. Sayangnya, kelompok sosial yang sangat mudah menerima mereka adalah kelompok sosial yang menoleransi nilai dan norma sama dengannya, yaitu kelompok sosial dengan riwayat atau bahkan masih terlibat dengan penyalahgunaan narkotika. Pergaulan atau interaksi intens dengan kelompok sosial semacam ini akan memperparah kondisi mantan Pecandu sehingga sulit sekali keluar dari lingkaran tersebut.

Tujuan Rehabilitasi Sosial adalah agar pecandu narkoba dapat kembali melaksanakan fungsi sosialnya di masyarakat. Rehabilitasi Sosial yang diadakan oleh berbagai lembaga sosial pemerintah maupun non-pemerintah sangat membantu dalam mengembalikan fungsi sosialnya di masyarakat. Namun harus dipahami bahwa tantangan sesungguhnya bagi mantan Pecandu Narkotika berada pada masyarakat. Dukungan berbagai pihak seperti keluarga dan edukasi yang tepat kepada masyarakat dan Pecandu Narkotika dapat memaksimalkan tercapainya tujuan Rehabilitasi Sosial tersebut. Stigma yang terbangun tentang Pecandu Narkotika di masyarakat patut untuk diminimalisir sehingga kondisi mantan Pecandu Narkotika dapat diterima di tengah masyarakat dan tidak mengalami diskriminasi. Mengembalikan fungsi sosial seorang mantan Pecandu Narkotika tidak serta merta menjadi tanggung jawabnya sendiri, sebab penekanan Rehabilitasi Sosial ada pada kata ‘sosial’ itu sendiri, di mana manusia adalah homo socius (makhluk sosial) yang berarti tidak dapat hidup sendiri dan senantiasa membutuhkan orang lain dalam aktivitasnya karena ia merupakan anggota masyarakat dan bagian dari masyarakat. Menyelamatkan mereka yang sulit lepas dari lingkaran narkotika adalah tanggung jawab bersama seluruh masyarakat dari lapisan terkecil sekalipun karena dengan demikian, kita dapat memutus rantai penyalahgunaan narkotika di masyarakat dan bahaya narkotika yang mengintai orang di sekitar kita bahkan keluarga.

Oleh:

Dr. Arnina Emmilia Monica
Konselor Adiksi Ahli Muda BNN Kota Batam

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