Menurut Wikipedia partai politik adalah organisasi politik yang menjalani ideologi tertentu atau dibentuk dengan tujuan umum. Definisi lainnya adalah kelompok yang terorganisir yang anggota-anggotanya mempunyai orientasi, nilai-nilai, dan cita-cita yang sama. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui, bahwa partai politik memiliki beberapa fungsi yaitu sebagai sarana Pendidikan politik, sosialisasi politik, agregasi politik, dan rekrutmen. Sehingga partai politik mempengaruhi sistem politik untuk pencapaian negara yang demokratis dan warga negara masyarakat Indonesia akan memiliki kesadaran dalam kehidupan berpolitik. Namun kini partai politik yang seharusnya menjadi salah satu organisasi yang diandalkan masyarakat dalam kehidupan berpolitik malah menjadi sumber dari beberapa permasalahan dinegara ini.
Krisis kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap partai politik semakin menguat. Bagi masyarakat, partai politik tidak berdampak positif sama sekali dalam kehidupan bangsa dan negara, justru merusak tatanan hukum dan demokrasi serta menciptakan kondisi politik yang tidak beraturan. Lembaga Survei Nasional (LSN) merilis 53,9% masyarakat mengaku tidak percaya terhadap integritas partai politik. Mengapa hal ini bisa terjadi? Semua hal ini bisa terjadi karena adanya kinerja yang buruk dari partai politik. Semua ditunjukkan melalui banyaknya kader partai politik terlibat kasus korupsi, tidak berpihak kepada rakyat dan melakukan Tindakan amoral seperti skandal seks.
Kinerja buruk dari para kader partai politik inilah yang membuat masyarakat pesimis terhadap partai politik sebagai pilar demokrasi. Seharusnya kader partai politik mampu menjaga nilai-nilai demokrasi kapan pun dan dimana pun terutama dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya sebagai wakil rakyat (DPRD, DPD, DPR RI, Kepala Daerah dsb). Nilai-nilai demokrasi seperti keadilan, partisipatif, pemerataan, dan taat hukum wajib dijadikan sebagai pedoman dalam bersikap dan menentukan kebijakan publik. Menurut hasil survei LSN di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa partai politik sama sekali tidak menjadikan nilai-nilai demokrasi sebagai landasan atau pedoman dalam berpolitik, justru mereka malah mengutamakan kepentingan politik masing-masing yang berorientasi pada kesejahteraan pribadi kader dan institusi partai politik sehingga kebijakan publik tidak berpihak kepada masyarakat.
Kebijakan kenaikan harga BBM bersubsidi adalah salah satu contoh besar yang ditunjukkan partai politik tidak memikirkan masyarakat khususnya kalangan bawah. Seharusnya kader partai politik khususnya DPR RI menolak keras kebijakan tersebut karena mayoritas masyarakat kecil terutama nelayan, petani, dan buruh tidak menginginkan adanya kebijakan kenaikan harga BBM bersubsidi. Bayangkan betapa sulitnya mereka bertahan hidup dari hasil kerja kerasnya ditambah mereka harus menambah biaya untuk kenaikan harga BBM tersebut. Namun kader partai politik yang duduk manis dikursi DPR RI tidak menghiraukan suara kecil dari rakyat yang menderita, justru mayoritas DPR RI merasionalisasikan kenaikan harga BBM bersubsidi.
Permasalahan lain partai politik adalah kesenangannya mempertahankan politik dinasti. Kendati partai politik menjadikan demokrasi sebagai asas dan ideologi politik, namun dalam praktiknya mereka tidak bisa lepas dari politik dinasti. Apa yang dimaksud dengan politik dinasti? Contoh dari politik dinasti adalah partai politik dikelola secara kekeluargaan, struktur dan kepengurusan didominasi satu keluarga, kader-kader terbaik bangsa tidak diberikan kesempatan oleh keluarga tertentu untuk mengatur dan mengelola partai politik, dan masih banyak lagi. Dampak dari dinasti partai politik ini adalah terbentuknya struktur negara dan pemerintahan yang dikuasai oleh keluarga tertentu, terciptanya diskriminasi politik dalam berbangsa dan bernegara, dan menguatnya budaya Korupsi Kolusi dan Nepotisme (KKN). Hal ini juga menyebabkan dampak kesenjangan sosial. Yang kaya semakin kaya yang miskin semakin menderita mungkin merupakan ungkapan yang pas dengan keadaan ini.
Bentuk politik seperti inilah yang membuat negara semakin tertinggal, terbelakang, termiskinkan dan memicu sejuta permasalahan. Seperti tindakan kriminal, tindakan terorisme serta kekerasan sosial politik. Bentuk dinasti politik ini justru semakin diperparah lagi dengan adanya pola pikir elit partai baik di pusat maupun di daerah bagai pola piker pedagang. Pola piker yang seperti ini biasanya dikenal dengan sebutan politik dagang sapi. Politik dagang sapi adalah elit partai menjual partai politik kepada politisi-politisi sebagai kendaraan politik dalam merahi kekuasaan politik seperti DPRD, DPR RI, dan Kepala Daerah. Sebaliknya, para politisi mendekati elit partai untuk menawarkan dengan berbagai tingkatan harga.
Musim politik dagang sapi seperti ini adalah pada saat penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum (PEMILU) seperti Pemilihan Kepala Daerah dan Pemilihan Legislatif. Siapa yang sangka musim politik dagang sapi ini sangat banyak yang minat walaupun mereka diminta dengan harga yang cukup mahal. Biasanya kisaran harga yang mereka tawarkan tergantung sampai sejauh mana kekuatan partai politik. Semakin kuat sebuah partai politik maka semakin besar pula harga yang harus dibayar oleh politisi. Oleh karena itu, seringkali partai politik mengusung dan mendukung politisi yang tidak searah dengan ideologi partai. Elit politik tidak pernah memperhatikan ideologi politisi namun melihat seberapa besar modal uang yang dimiliki politisi tersebut. Dampak dari politik dagang sapi ini antara lain adalah lahirnya para pemimpin politik yang tidak memiliki integritas dan kapabelitas dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya dengan baik, benar dan profesional.
Partai politik yang mengabaikan berbagai aspek, peran dan fungsinya sebagai pejuang aspirasi rakyat, mengabaikan demokrasi, dan membudayakan politik dinasti secara langsung menjadikan bangsa dan negara kita semakin terpuruk. Oleh karena itu, sangat diharapkan kedepannya partai politik dapat lebih mengedepankan demokrasi yang baik, mengoptimalkan fungsi kerakyatan, mampu berinteraksi dengan masyarakat tanpa dibatasi ruang dan waktu elitis, dan berupaya memperbaiki kaderisasi dan penataan sumber keuangan. Dengan begitu seharusnya partai politik bisa semakin maju, mendapatkan kepercayaan penuh dari masyarakat, serta bisa menjadi faktor penunjang bagi kemajuan Bangsa dan Negara.
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