EkonomiJakarta

Berinvestasi, Sekarang atau Nanti?

JAKARTA –  Saat seseorang sudah memiliki penghasilan, baik dari bekerja maupun berwirausaha, maka yang pertama dilakukan umumnya adalah membuka rekening tabungan di bank. Tujuannya adalah untuk  menampung gaji atau hasil usaha yang diperoleh setiap bulan atau setiap harinya. Selain digunakan untuk biaya hidup, penghasilan yang diterima tersebut harus ada yang disisihkan dalam bentuk tabungan. Artinya, tidak seluruh penghasilan yang ada di rekening bank tersebut dihabiskan untuk biaya hidup dan membiayai gaya hidup.

Saat tabungan yang diperoleh semakin besar, biasanya seseorang mulai berpikir untuk mengembangkan dananya dalam bentuk investasi. Lalu, kapan investasi bisa disisihkan? Jawabannya adalah ketika nilai tabungan yang diperoleh telah mencapai 3-6 kali biaya hidup bulanan, atau telah mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dana darurat. Tujuannya adalah jika suatu ketika terjadi musibah yang tidak diinginkan, seperti pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK) ataupun terjadi kegagalan bisnis, maka kita masih memiliki tabungan yang dapat digunakan sebelum mendapatkan pekerjaan baru, atau memulai berbisnis kembali.

Syarat lainnya yang perlu dipenuhi sebelum memulai berinvestasi adalah kita perlu menyisihkan sebagian dana yang kita miliki untuk membeli asuransi atau proteksi, salah satunya adalah asuransi kesehatan. Jika kita tidak mendapatkan asuransi kesehatan dari tempat kerja, kita dapat membeli asuransi kesehatan swasta atau membayar asuransi yang dikelola pemerintah, yaitu BPJS. Oleh karena itu, jika terjadi risiko sakit atau meninggal dunia, kita tidak perlu lagi untuk menggunakan tabungan atau menjual aset yang dimiliki untuk membiayai kebutuhan hidup.

Pada dasarnya, investasi merupakan bentuk penanaman modal dengan harapan mendapatkan keuntungan di masa depan. Terdapat berbagai cara dan variasi instrumen untuk berinvestasi yang risiko dan imbal hasilnya telah disesuaikan dengan kemampuan masing-masing orang.

Apakah tujuan utama dari berinvestasi? Setiap orang pasti memiliki tujuan jangka panjang agar kehidupannya menjadi lebih baik di masa depan, misalnya memiliki perencanaan keuangan untuk menikah, membangun rumah, membiayai sekolah anak, traveling, dan lain sebagainya. Kemudian, setelah kita menentukan tujuan, barulah kita mulai berinvestasi.

Mengapa tidak cukup dengan menabung saja? Perbedaan utama antara berinvestasi dan menabung adalah nilai uang yang kita miliki. Dengan menabung uang kita lama kelamaan akan tergerus oleh inflasi sehingga membuat nilai uang kita menyusut seiring waktu. Sementara itu, dengan berinvestasi kita dapat menjaga nilai uang kita terhadap kenaikan harga barang dan jasa.

Selain itu, salah satu alasan utama untuk berinvestasi adalah menambah passive income, yaitu penghasilan yang tidak bisa kita peroleh secara langsung. Artinya, kita masih bisa mendapatkan penghasilan walaupun kita sedang tidak aktif bekerja. Tentunya imbal hasil yang diterima akan berbeda karena tergantung jenis instrumen investasi dan jangka waktu dari produk investasi yang dipilih.

Jika kita hanya mengandalkan gaji bulanan, maka tujuan finansial kita mungkin akan sulit untuk dicapai. Sementara itu, dengan berinvestasi, setidaknya dapat membantu kita untuk mempercepat dalam mencapai tujuan keuangan jangka panjang.

Investasi memiliki jangka waktu yang berbeda-beda, mulai dengan jangka pendek, menengah, dan panjang. Sebagai investor kita perlu memilah atau mengelompokkan tujuan keuangan berdasarkan jangka waktu.  Dengan begitu, kita dapat menyesuaikan investasi kita dengan kebutuhan finansial di masa yang akan datang. Selain itu, investasi yang terukur juga akan menghindarkan kita dari berutang dan lebih siap menghadapi situasi yang tak terduga di masa depan. Kemudian, investasi memiliki beragam jenis instrumen yang berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu, kita bisa menyesuaikan instrumen apa yang akan kita pilih dengan kemampuan finansial masing-masing karena setiap instrumen membutuhkan modal yang berbeda-beda, mulai dari puluhan ribu sampai dengan ratusan juta rupiah.

Pada akhirnya salah satu alasan untuk berinvestasi adalah untuk mencapai financial freedom, yaitu kondisi di mana kita tidak perlu lagi khawatir terkait biaya hidup kita di masa sekarang maupun masa yang akan datang. Selain itu, dengan mencapai financial freedom kita juga akan memiliki dana lebih untuk membantu orang lain karena kebutuhan hidup kita telah tercukupi. Tentunya hal ini akan tercapai apabila investasi yang kita lakukan dapat dikelola dengan baik.

Investasi itu penting untuk masa depan dan tidak hanya sekadar mengikuti tren. Dengan berinvestasi berarti kita dapat memahami seluruh risiko, jenis instrumennya, serta tujuan investasi. Selain itu, jangan lupa untuk mendiversifikasi aset dan terus melakukan evaluasi secara berkala terhadap aset investasi kita. Akan tetapi, perlu diingat bahwa sebelum melakukan investasi kita harus memastikan kesehatan finansial kita terlebih dahulu, pastikan juga tidak mengorbankan kebutuhan utama, dan pastikan pula tabungan dana darurat serta alokasi untuk proteksi sudah disiapkan.*** TIM BEI

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